Iltis Upper Austria

The European polecat occupies structurally rich cultural landscapes and, despite the name Waldiltis (forest polecat), is not a true forest dweller. It shows a marked preference for the vicinity of water and wetlands, where as an amphibian specialist it preys on frogs, toads and newts. Hedges, stone piles, brook margins and wood stacks provide daytime cover. The polecat is largely nocturnal, solitary, and a capable swimmer and diver; it is even known to cache prey such as toads in larders for lean periods.

The polecat is distinguished from the smaller stoat (Hermelin) by its size, darker coat and, above all, the white facial mask; the stoat carries a white winter coat with a black tail tip. From the introduced American mink it is most reliably told apart by the head: the mink shows only a small white chin patch, whereas the polecat displays pale streaks above the eyes and on the cheeks together with light edged ears.

The hunting status of the polecat varies across the DACH region. In several German federal states it is protected year round, while in others a regular hunting season applies, often in connection with trap hunting for predatory species. In Austria it may be hunted in most federal states, while a year round closed season exists in some. In Switzerland the polecat has long been fully protected and may not be hunted. Where hunting is permitted, trap hunting in particular has a long tradition and is subject to strict legal requirements, including standards for humane trapping devices.